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PUBLIC ROADS

A JOURNAL OF HIGHWAY RESEARC

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS

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CONTROL OF THE MissourR!I RIVER AT HIGHWAY CROSSINGS IS AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1926

VOL isaNQacs

PUBLIC ROADS

A JOURNAL OF HIGHWAY RESEARCH U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS

CERTIFICATE: By direction of the Secretary of Agriculture, the matter contained herein is published as administrative information and is required

for the proper transaction of the public business

MAY, 1926

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Retards in Stream Control - - - - - - - - - - - - 53 A Study of Unusual Earth Road Conditions in Northeastern Iowa - - - - - mee ale. The Value of the Foreman on Fresno and Wheel Scraper Work - - - - - - 6) Comparison of Transverse and Compressive Tests of Concrete - - - - - - 6/ Slabs for Delaware River Bridge Tested - - - - - - - - - - 68

THE U. S. BUREAU

OF PUBLIC ROADS

Willard Building, Washington, D.C.

REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS

Bay Building, San Francisco, Calif.

DISTRICT OFFICES

DISTRICT No. 1, Oregon, Washington, Montana, and Alaska. Box 3900, Portland, Oreg.

DISTRICT No. 2, California, Arizona, and Nevada. Bay Building, San Francisco, Calif.

DISTRICT No. 3, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming. 301 Customhouse Building, Denver, Colo.

DISTRICT No. 4, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin 410 Hamm Building, St. Paul, Minn.

DISTRICT No. 5, lowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska.

8th Floor, Saunders-Kennedy Bldg., Omaha, Nebr.

DISTRICT No. 6, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. 1912 F. & M. Bank Building, Fort Worth, Tex.

DISTRICT No. 7, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan. South Chicago Station, Chicago, Ill.

DISTRICT No. 8, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Box J, Montgomery, Ala. DISTRICT No. 9, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Federal Building, Troy, N. Y.

DISTRICT No. 10, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Willard Building, Washington, D. C.

DISTRICT No. 12, Idaho and Utah. Fred J. Kiesel Building, Ogden, Utah.

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Owing to the necessarily limited edition of this publication it will be impossible to distribute it free to any persons or institutions other than State and county officials actually engaged in planning or constructing public highways, instructors in highway engineering, periodicals upon an exchange basis, and Members of both Houses of Congress. Others desiring

to obtain “Public Roads’’ can do so by sending 10 cents for a single number or $1 per year to the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Pmnting Office. Washington, D. C.

H. S. FAIRBANK, Editor

RETARDS IN STREAM CONTROL

Reported by JOHN R. CHAMBERLAIN, Highway Bridge Engineer, United States Bureau of Public Roads!

N CONNECTION with the construction of Federal- | aid highway bridges across the Missouri River and other streams the Bureau of Public Roads has had occasion to study the problem of stream control. Where a large and relatively permanent bridge is to be placed across a stream, which if uncontrolled is con- stantly shifting its channel, the problem is one of major importance. <A study of the erosion and silting action of such streams must be made in order that bridge sites requiring the least protection may be selected and that adequate protection may be included as a part of the construction plan. There are cases where the cost of holding a stream to the existing channel under a bridge for a period of years has greatly exceeded the cost of the bridge.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MISSOURI RIVER

From Sioux City in northwestern Iowa to the mouth of the river at St. Louis the Missouri has an average fall of 0.86 foot per mile. The valley is flat and hes between bluffs 3 to 10 miles apart, with an average width of about 5 miles.

The land in the valley is mostly of a light soil, easily eroded, and in no place does it lie much above flood stage elevation. Bed rock is mostly from 50 to 100 feet below low water and there is little variation in the character of soil to this depth.

The stream carries great quantities of silt m suspen- sion. In August 1923, when unfiltered water from the river was pumped into the Omaha distributing sys- tem it was said to contain as high as 43 per cent of silt. This was, of course, considerably above the average.

The stages of the stream are usually